The INCOLOY® 800 series of alloys, invented by the Special Metals Corporation Group of Companies, is the result of years of monitoring and maintaining the ultimate chemical properties for high-temperature strength and resistance to oxidation, carburization and other types of high-temperature corrosion.

Each one a refinement of the one before, these alloys have set the industry standard in high-temperature applications requiring optimum creep and rupture properties.

INCOLOY nickel-iron-chromium alloy 800 was introduced to the market in the 1950s to fill the need for a heat- and corrosion-resistant alloy with a relatively low nickel content since nickel was, at the time, designated a "strategic" metal. Over the past forty years it has been widely used for its strength at high temperatures and its ability to resist oxidation, carburization, and other types of high-temperature corrosion. Applications include furnace components and equipment, petrochemical furnace cracker tubes, pigtails and headers, and sheathing for electrical heating elements.

In 1963, the alloy was approved by the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee, and the design stresses were published in Code Case 1325. For the first time, aluminum and titanium were listed as purposeful additions (at 0.15 to 0.60% each), and annealed material was differentiated from solution-annealed material. The new terms "Grade 1, annealed at approximately 1800°F (980°C)" and "Grade 2, annealed at approximately 2100°F (1150°C)" came into use. The Code Case covered Sections I and VIII, and listed design stresses for Grade 1 to 1100°F (593°C) and for Grade 2 to 1500°F (816°C).

Over the next few years, the Committee made several revisions. In 1965, extruded tube was accepted as Grade 2 material without heat treatment. By the following year, ASTM specifications had been approved for INCOLOY alloy 800, and these were listed to replace those covering INCONEL alloy 600. In 1967, an external pressure vessel chart for Grade 1 was added, and the following year the same addition was made for Grade 2.

In 1969, design stresses were increased as a result of changes in the criteria to determine those stresses. The minimum tensile strength curve was increased 10% and the rupture criterion was increased from 62.5 to 67% of the extrapolated 100,000 hour rupture strength. Six months later, the Case was changed from covering Sections I and VIII to Section I only since the design stresses for Section VIII had been included in Table UNF-23. There were also two sets of design stresses listed for each grade, one giving the values when the two-thirds yield strength criterion was used, the other when 90% of yield strength was used.

INCOLOY® alloy 800H (UNS N08810)
It had been known for some time that higher carbon alloy 800 had higher creep and rupture properties than low-carbon material. For that reason, Special Metals had melted to a carbon range of 0.05 to 0.10% except for special orders where customers specified a lower carbon content. The carbon range of 0.05 to 0.10% is within the ASTM and ASME specification limits for alloy 800 and is in the upper portion of that range.

Special Metals generated data for this material and presented them to the ASME Code. The Code approved higher design stresses for Section I and Divisions 1 and 2 of Section VIII, which appeared in Code Case 1325-7. Note that alloy 800H required not only a carbon range of 0.05 to 0.10% but also an average grain size of ASTM 5, or coarser.

With the issuance of Code Case 1325-7 and the common use of the term "800H", there was no longer a need to refer to "Grade 2" because it was replaced by 800H, and the material that had been called Grade 1 became, simply, INCOLOY alloy 800.

INCOLOY® alloy 800HT® (UNS N08811)
Several other alloy manufacturers entered the alloy 800H (UNS N08810) market and additional creep and rupture data became available. The Metals Property Council for ASME gathered this data and made a new analysis using parametric procedures, involving 87 heats and 1,052 data points. The additional data, from other manufacturers, included results with considerably lower strength, and the new analysis, which reflected the results of all the available data, resulted in a recommendation that the design stresses be revised. These revised values were lower for temperatures of 1100 through 1500°F (593-816°C), and about the same for 1600 and 1650°F (871 and 899°C).

Special Metals knew the importance of maintaining the aluminum and titanium contents in the upper portion of the specified material range. This resulted in higher creep and stress rupture properties than competitive alloy 800H. Therefore, to maintain higher allowable design stresses, the company introduced a variation of INCOLOY alloy 800H which is called INCOLOY alloy 800HT (UNS N08811). INCOLOY alloy 800HT has a restricted chemistry, within the limits of alloy 800H, and requires a heat treatment of 2100°F (1149°C) minimum. The carbon is 0.06 to 0.10% (alloy 800H is 0.05 to 0.10%), the Al + Ti is 0.85 to 1.20% (alloy 800H is 0.30 to 1.20% Al + Ti).

The maximum allowable stresses for INCOLOY alloy 800HT (UNS N08811) are contained in ASME Code Case 1987 - latest revision. The alloy meets all the requirements for UNS N08811 and N08810 (alloy 800H) and can be certified to either or both UNS numbers. It is important to note that INCOLOY alloy 800HT (UNS N08811) has higher maximum allowable design stresses than UNS N08810. Therefore, other materials produced to UNS N08810 (alloy 800H) cannot be certified as UNS N08811 unless they meet the additional requirements for this designation. INCOLOY alloy 800HT is the result of years of monitoring and maintaining the ultimate properties in this series of alloys by The Special Metals Corporation group of companies, the inventor of all the INCOLOY 800 series alloys.

INCOLOY® alloy 800
INCOLOY alloy 800 (UNS N08800/W. Nr. 1.4876) is a widely used material for construction of equipment requiring corrosion resistance, heat resistance, strength, and stability for service up to 1500°F (816°C). Alloy 800 offers general corrosion resistance to many aqueous media and, by virtue of its content of nickel, resists stress corrosion cracking. At elevated temperatures it offers resistance to oxidation, carburization, and sulfidation along with rupture and creep strength. For applications requiring greater resistance to stress rupture and creep, especially at temperatures above 1500°F (816°C), INCOLOY alloys 800H and 800HT are used.

The chromium in the alloy imparts both aqueous and heat resistance. Iron provides resistance to internal oxidation. The nickel content maintains a ductile, austenitic structure. Thus, alloy 800 is readily formed, welded, and machined.

INCOLOY alloy 800 is used in a variety of applications involving exposure to corrosive environments and high temperatures. It is used for heat-treating equipment such as baskets, trays, and fixtures. In chemical and petrochemical processing, the alloy is used for heat exchangers and other piping systems in nitric acid media especially where resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking is required. In nuclear power plants, it is used for steam-generator tubing. The alloy is often used in domestic appliances for sheathing of electric heating elements. In the production of paper pulp, digester-liquor heaters are often made of alloy 800. In petroleum processing, the alloy is used for heat exchangers that air cool the process stream.